A | 8月18日，走进承德市双滦区钒钛产业园的美富淦冶金材料科技有限公司冷轧厂，一卷卷银白色的冷轧钢带正排队下线，最薄的产品只有0.14毫米，不到两张A4纸的厚度。 KAMPALA, Uganda -- Jostling for space, people jam the crowded footpaths crisscrossing a massive open market in Uganda's capital. They are mostly looking for secondhand clothing, sifting through underwear for pairs that seem new or trying on shoes despite getting pushed around in the crush.Downtown Kampala’s Owino Market has long been a go-to enclave for rich and poor people alike looking for affordable but quality-made used clothes, underscoring perceptions that Western fashion is superior to what is made at home. Discarded by Europeans and Americans, these clothes are often purchased from wholesalers and then shipped to African countries by middlemen. It's a multimillion-dollar business, with some two-thirds of people in seven countries in East Africa having “purchased at least a portion of their clothes from the secondhand clothing market,” according to a 2017 U.S. Agency for International Development study, the most recent with such details.Despite the popularity, secondhand clothes are facing increasing pushback. Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, a semi-authoritarian leader who has held power since 1986, declared in August that he was banning imports of used clothing, saying the items are coming “from dead people.” “When a white person dies, they gather their clothes and send them to Africa,” Museveni said.Trade authorities have not yet enforced the president’s order, which needs to be backed by a legal measure such as an executive order. Other African governments also are trying to stop the shipments, saying the business amounts to dumping and undermines the growth of local textile industries. The East African Community trade bloc — consisting of Burundi, Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda — has recommended banning imports of used apparel since 2016. However, member states have not enforced it at the same pace amid pressure from Washington. In Uganda, the president's order has spread panic among traders, for whom such a ban, if implemented, spells disaster. They hawk used clothes in scores of large open-air markets across the country of 45 million people, at roadside stands and even in shops in malls where it’s possible to buy secondhand clothes marketed as new.The clothes are cheap and drop further in price as traders make room for new shipments: a pair of denim jeans can go for 20 cents, a cashmere scarf for even less.At one of Uganda’s Green Shops, a chain specializing in used clothes, apparel reseller Glen Kalungi shopped for items his customers might want: vintage pants for men and cottony tops for women.“I am a thrift shopper,” he said. “I usually come to these Green Shops to check out clothes because they have the best prices around town.”Kalungi likes to visit on clearance days when he can buy clothes for a fraction of a dollar. Then he sells them at a profit.The chain, whose owners include Europeans, unveils new clothes every two weeks at its three stores. Some of the items are sourced from suppliers in countries including China and Germany, retail manager Allan Zavuga said.“How they collect the clothes, we are not aware of that,” Zavuga said of their suppliers. “But (the clothes) go through all the verification, the fumigation, all that, before they are shipped to Uganda. And we get all documents for that.”The Green Shops are environmentally friendly because they recycle used clothes in bulk, he said.The association of traders in Kampala, known by the acronym KACITA, opposes a firm ban on used apparel, recommending a phased embargo that allows local clothing producers to build capacity to meet demand.Some Ugandan apparel makers, like Winfred Arinaitwe, acknowledge that the quality of locally made fabric is often poor. Not surprisingly, many people would rather buy used clothing, she said. "Because it lasts longer,” she said. “It can easily be seen.”In Owino Market, a ban on used clothes is inconceivable to many, including some who say they don't think the president’s threat was serious.Abdulrashid Ssuuna, who tries to persuade customers in the market to stop by his brother’s used clothing business, said a ban would deny him a livelihood.“It’s like they want to chase us out of the country,” he said of the president’s order. “From these old clothes, we get what to eat. If you say we leave this business, you are saying we go into new clothes. But we can’t afford to go there.”Ssuuna approaches people in Owino Market to urge them to visit the stall where his brother sells used jeans. The market is aggressively competitive, with merchants sitting behind heaps of clothes and shouting words of welcome to possible customers.If he helps his brother sell clothing, “I get something,” said Ssuuna, who started this work after dropping out of high school in 2020.The market is always full of shoppers, but business is unpredictable: Traders must try to anticipate what customers are looking for before they are lured by other sellers. Some days are better than others, said Tadeo Walusimbi, who has been a used-clothes trader for six years. A government ban is simply untenable, he warned. It “will not work for me and for so many people,” Walusimbi said.。冷轧钢带是工业制造的基础材料。钢材轧得越薄，晶粒越细密，强度、韧性和冲压性能就越出色，产品附加值就越高。冷轧厂厂长张宝东说：“通过切割、冲压等工艺，这里的冷轧钢带可以做成手机背板、易拉罐、水杯、家用电器面板，还有安全带卡扣、离合器片、汽车冲压件等产品，已在千行百业得到广泛应用。”承德钒钛磁铁矿资源规模全国第二，占全国探明储量40%以上。
B | 过去，承德钒钛新材料产业热轧能力强，但冷轧深加工长期缺失，呈现“前端强、后端弱”特点，钒钛初级坯料大都外运加工，产品附加值外流。
C | 为延伸产业链条，填补区域内无冷轧产品的空白，2024年，美富淦公司在承德开工建设冷轧厂。
D | 2025年11月，冷轧厂竣工投产。
E | 走进车间内，1号和2号轧机正高速运转，一卷卷钒钛基础板材被轧制成薄如蝉翼的极薄钢带。“运到冷轧厂的基板通常厚2至6毫米，要轧成极薄钢带，好比将厚面饼擀成薄薄的饺子皮，力稍有不均，就会破皮露馅。”张宝东说，公司购置了具有国际领先水平的轧机，每台价格高达6000万元。
F | 搭载智能大脑的轧机，安装着众多传感器，可实时监测张力、辊缝等关键参数。技术人员只需在屏幕上输入产品的规格参数，轧机即可借助数字孪生技术自主调控全流程，实现了从设定到调节的精准控制，即便24小时连续作业，成品厚度误差也能精准控制在千分之五毫米以内。冷轧产品一上市，许多客户主动上门寻求合作。公司先后与海尔、LG等知名企业达成长期供货协议。“相比螺纹钢，承德钒钛资源优势在板材中更能发挥其真正价值。含有钒钛的板材相较其他产品，拉伸、冲压、韧性、强度、抗腐蚀等各项指标都更胜一筹。”张宝东说，目前，公司产品已进入新能源、汽车制造、高端建材等高附加值领域，每吨附加值提升10%以上。近年来，美富淦先后在承德布局高端钒钛产品产业园、高端数字化系列冷轧生产制造产业园、高智能精密合金彩涂产业园。各园区功能定位清晰、产能互补联动、产业闭环运行，实现本地钒钛基板就地精深加工，填补了承德地区无冷轧产品的空白，推动产业链从粗放加工延伸至精细化制造。
G | 据介绍，美富淦还将陆续投产高端汽车钢、高强钢智能化产线，积极布局热成像新材料新兴赛道，持续丰富高端产品体系。（日报记者 陈宝云）。
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